The occurrence of a specific term within the title or abstract of a scientific paper is usually a good indicator that the paper addresses a specifically related area of research. Īs can be seen from the graph to the right it wasn't until the late 1980s/early 1990s that research papers directly addressing signal transduction processes began to appear in large numbers in the scientific literature. One source attributes the widespread use of the term signal transduction to a 1980 review article by Rodbell. However it is not until 1977 that papers start to appear with the specific term "signal transduction" within their abstract, and 1979 before this specific term appears within a paper title. Prior to 1977 articles can be found that use the term "signal transmission" or "sensory transduction" within their title or abstract. The earliest published scientific paper recorded in the MEDLINE database as containing the specific term "signal transduction" within its text was published in 1972. These figures were extracted through an analysis of the papers contained within the MEDLINE database.
Occurrence of the term “signal transduction” The total number of papers published in each year since 1977 containing the specific phrase “signal transduction” in either their title or abstract section, are plotted. Many disease processes such as diabetes, heart disease, autoimmunity and cancer arise from defects in signal transduction pathways, further highlighting the critical importance of signal transduction to biology as well as medicine. Thus, sensing of both the external and internal environment at the cellular level, relies on signal transduction. As may be expected, the more complex the organism, the more complex the repertoire of signal transduction processes the organism must possess. In multicellular organisms, a multitude of different signal transduction processes are required for coordinating the behavior of individual cells to support the function of the organism as a whole. In bacteria and other single-cell organisms, the variety of signal transduction processes of which the cell is capable influences how many ways it can react and respond to its environment. In many signal transduction processes, the number of proteins and other molecules participating in these events increases as the process eminates from the initial stimulus, resulting in a " signal cascade" and often results in a relatively small stimulus eliciting a large response. Such processes are usually rapid, lasting on the order of milliseconds in the case of ion flux, to minutes for the activation of protein and lipid mediated kinase cascades. In biology, signal transduction refers to any process by which a cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another, most often involving ordered sequences of biochemical reactions inside the cell, that are carried out by enzymes and linked through second messengers resulting in what is thought of as a "second messenger pathway".
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